Should You Add Water to Dry Dog Food?

Adding water to dry dog food is a common practice among pet owners looking to enhance their dog's meal experience. While some believe it helps with hydration, digestion, or palatability, recent research suggests that this practice may not be as beneficial as once thought and potentially lead to a few health concerns with your dog!

Why Do Some Owners Add Water to Dry Dog Food?

Many dog owners choose to add water to dry dog food for several reasons, often rooted in the desire and misconception that by adding additional water will enhance their pets' eating experience, ensure proper hydration, or cater to specific health concerns.

1. Hydration: Increasing moisture in the diet can be particularly beneficial for dogs that do not drink enough water. Adequate hydration is essential for overall health, especially for dogs that consume primarily dry food.
2. Softening the Food: Puppies, senior dogs, or dogs with dental issues may benefit from softened kibble, making it easier for them to chew and swallow. This practice can also be appealing for dogs recovering from dental procedures.
3. Enhanced Palatability: Adding water can help release the flavors and aromas of the kibble, potentially enticing picky eaters to enjoy their meals. This could be helpful for dogs that are reluctant to eat their food.

While these reasons sound reasonable, the scientific evidence does not necessarily support the benefits of adding water to dry dog food.

The Study on Beagles: Key Findings

A recent study investigated the effects of feeding dry food versus water-softened dry food to 20 healthy 5-month-old Beagle dogs over a 21-day period. Researchers examined various health indicators, including digestion, stress levels, gut health, and metabolic changes. The results indicated: 

1. No Major Digestive Benefits: The study found no significant differences in nutrient absorption or digestion between dogs eating dry kibble and those eating water-softened kibble. This challenges the notion that adding water improves digestive health.
2. Increased Stress Levels: Dogs fed water-softened kibble exhibited higher levels of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. The study also noted slightly elevated levels of other stress markers, indicating that this practice might lead to discomfort for some dogs.
3. Changes in Gut Health: The water-softened diet resulted in a greater diversity of gut bacteria. However, it also increased levels of potentially harmful bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Escherichia Shigella. These shifts could disrupt the natural balance of gut microbiota, which is crucial for a healthy digestive system.
4. Metabolic Disruption: Feeding water-softened kibble influenced metabolic processes, affecting purine, riboflavin, and amino acid metabolism. These changes may not be beneficial and could impact a dog’s overall health.
5. Potential for Digestive Upset: The introduction of citric acid, commonly found in some dog foods, can lead to digestive upset, especially when the food is mixed with water. Citric acid may irritate the stomach lining and contribute to gastrointestinal issues, particularly in sensitive dogs.

Overall, the conclusion from the study was clear: adding water to dry dog food did not provide any digestive benefits and may cause stress while posing potential risks to gut health.

Why Adding Water May Not Be Ideal

Considering the findings from the study and the risks associated with GDV, there are several reasons why adding water to dry dog food may not be the best approach:

1. Risk of Increased Stress: The elevated stress hormone levels found in dogs consuming water-softened kibble suggest that this practice could lead to discomfort, undermining the goal of enhancing the eating experience.
2. Gut Imbalance: The increase in harmful bacteria in dogs fed water-softened food raises concerns about gut health. Disrupting the balance of gut microbiota could lead to digestive issues, inflammation, and other health problems over time.
3. No Proven Digestive Benefits: The study found no significant improvements in nutrient absorption, meaning that adding water may not deliver the anticipated benefits for digestion and health.
4. Potential Bloat Risk: Mixing kibble with water may increase the likelihood of gulping, leading to a higher risk of GDV, particularly in susceptible breeds. This serious condition requires immediate veterinary attention and can be fatal if not treated quickly.
5. Digestive Upset from Citric Acid: If a dog food contains citric acid, the addition of water could exacerbate any digestive upset. Dogs sensitive to citric acid may experience gastrointestinal discomfort, leading to issues like diarrhoea or vomiting.
6. Concerns with Citric Acid: Many commercial dog foods contain citric acid as a preservative, which can sometimes contribute to digestive issues. While citric acid is generally recognized as safe in small amounts, it can irritate the stomach lining, especially when kibble is moistened and consumed more quickly​.
   
   

Understanding GDV (Gastric Dilatation Volvulus)

One serious condition to consider when discussing dog food and feeding practices is Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV), commonly known as bloat. GDV is a life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists, leading to a buildup of pressure. It can cause shock, tissue death, and even death if not treated promptly.

Adding water to kibble has raised concerns among veterinarians regarding the potential risk of bloat, particularly in large or deep-chested dog breeds. When dogs eat quickly or gulp down food mixed with water, it may increase the likelihood of air being swallowed along with the food. This can lead to a faster onset of bloat, which is why many veterinarians recommend caution when altering feeding practices, especially for predisposed breeds like Great Danes, Doberman Pinschers, and Boxers.

Alternatives to Adding Water

If you’re looking to improve your dog’s diet or hydration without the risks associated with adding water to kibble, consider these alternatives:

1. Switch to a Higher-Quality Kibble: Choose a dog food made with high-quality, easily digestible ingredients that support gut health without the need for added moisture.
2. Add Wet Food or Broth: If you want to increase moisture, consider mixing a small amount of raw or fresh dog food or dog-safe broth with the kibble. This can enhance flavour and moisture without the same risks as water.
3. Incorporate Probiotics: Adding a dog-safe probiotic supplement can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome, improving digestion without the need for water-softened food.
4. Use a Slow Feeder Bowl: If your dog eats too quickly, a slow feeder bowl can help prevent gulping and reduce the risk of digestive upset and GDV.
   
   

Conclusion: Is Adding Water to Dry Dog Food a Good Idea?

Based on recent research and expert opinions, the answer is no. Adding water to dry dog food does not provide the anticipated digestive benefits and can lead to increased stress and potential risks for gut health. Furthermore, the practice may heighten the risk of GDV in susceptible breeds and cause digestive upset due to ingredients like citric acid.

Instead, focus on providing high-quality food and employing feeding practices that support your dog’s overall health and well-being. Always consult your veterinarian before making any changes to your dog’s diet to ensure you’re meeting their specific needs.